文化软实力研究

博物馆志愿服务是社会公共文化服务的重要组成部分。提升博物馆志愿者的讲解能力，有助于增强博物馆形象，提高受众满意度，从而更好地贯彻落实社会公共文化服务。志愿者的讲解能力与语言能力紧密联结。本文把“志愿者讲解”视为一种言语交际活动，重点从语言学角度分析“志愿者的讲解能力”。从“解码”讲解词，到“转码”文本语言，再到以有声语言的形式，将文物概念传达至受众，并与各类受众互动交流。完整的一套讲解服务，每一环节都离不开“语言”的参与。文章把“志愿者讲解能力”,聚焦在“志愿者语言能力”上，梳理并分析了与志愿者语言能力密切相关的“讲解词文本的有声转化、受众的不同身份特征及文物时空属性对讲解的约束”三大要素。最后，结合对志愿者“讲”和“解”能力的论述，从“走进、走出和走近”三方面，提出可提升志愿者讲解能力的具体路径。

Museum volunteer service is an important part of social public cultural service. Improving the explanation ability of museum volunteers will help to enhance the image of the museum, improve the satisfaction of the audience, and thus better implement social public cultural services. The explanation ability of volunteers is closely related to their language ability. This paper regards “volunteer explanation” as a kind of verbal communication activity, and focuses on analyzing “volunteer explanation ability” from a linguistic perspective. From “decoding” the explanation words, to “transcoding” the text language, and then to convey the concept of cultural relics to the audience in the form of audio language, and interact with various audiences. A complete set of explanation services is inseparable from the participation of “language” in every link. This paper focuses on “volunteer's ability to explain” on “volunteer's language ability”, and sorts out and analyzes three elements closely related to volunteer's language ability: “the sound transformation of the text of the explanation words, the different identity characteristics of the audience and the constraints of the time and space attributes of cultural relics on the explanation”. Finally, combined with the discussion of volunteers' ability to “speak” and “explain”, this paper puts forward specific paths to improve volunteers' ability to explain from three aspects: “coming in, going out and coming near”.